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PHARMACOLOGY AND ORTHOTICS Integrated educational activity
Course Sheet Academic Year of enrolment:
Hours of classroom activity:
Prerequisites:
Students must have the following knowledge:
- basic principles of biochemistry and physiology
- ocular anatomy and physiology.
Objectives
Contents The course will focus on the acquisition of the basic knowledge of the execution and interpretation of electrophysiological tests. The course will also give to the students a general understanding of the main diseases of the uvea and of the ocular and orbital annexes as well as the main systemic diseases associated with ocular pathologies. The pharmacology course will focus on the general concepts of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics to understand the pharmacological effect of the main drugs used in ocular therapy.
Extended Syllabus Electrophysiology:
Execution and interpretation of electrophysiological examinations:
- PEV
- ERG
- EOG
- PERG
Orthotic III:
- uveitis
- exophthalmos
- diseases of the orbit
- ptosis and eyelid deformities
- eye tumors
Pharmacology:
Definition of drug; development of medicines; generic drugs and brand name drugs; Biological and biosimilar drugs;
Pharmacokinetics: mechanisms of transport across biological membranes; main routes of drug administration, absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.
Bioavailability, blood-brain barrier, placental barrier, volume of distribution, therapeutic range, dose-effect and dose-response curves, therapeutic index, plasma half-life.
Characteristics of ocular routes of drug administration, blood-ocular barrier, ocular formulations.
Pharmacodynamics: drug-receptor interactions, classification of receptors, main signal transduction pathways; receptor agonists and antagonists, potency, intrinsic activity, and maximum efficacy of a drug; receptor regulation: up-regulation, down-regulation, and desensitization.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); glucocorticoids;
Chemotherapy of microbial disease in the eye: general consideration, antibacterial agents and antiviral agents. Drugs used for the treatment of glaucoma. Autonomic agents used in ophthalmology; miotics, mydriatics, and cycloplegics; local anesthetics; histamine H1-receptor antagonists; ocular decongestants.
Recommended Bibliography Recommended textbooks
Electrophysiology:
“Fondamenti di elettrofisiologia oculare”- Edoardo Fiorentini, Dario Messenio- Ed. Felici, 2009.
Orthoptic III:
“Oftalmologia Clinica.”- M. Miglior- IV edizione. Monduzzi editore.
Pharmacology:
“Farmacologia. Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche”- F. Rossi, V. Cuomo, C. Riccardi. Ed. Minerva Medica – III Edizione or
“Rang & Dale farmacologia”- H.P Rang, M.M. Dale, J.M Ritter, R.J. Flower, G. Henderson- ed Edra (8° edizione).
Teaching Methods The course will be carried out through frontal lectures.
The attendance compulsion is 70%.
In the event of a serious health emerrgency, remote lessons will be provided through he platform suggested by the University.
Evaluation methods Verification of learning:
The learning will be evaluated through a final assessment that will verify the level of achievement of the learning objectives previously described. The overall rating will be expressed in thirtieths and the evaluation criteria will concern the correct use of the basic terminology, the knowledge, and mastery of the contents, the clarity, and the ability to summarize.
In the event of a health emergency, the oral examination will be carried out remotely by using the platform suggested by the University.
Contacts/More Information Student reception:
Electrophysiology: every Wednesday from 9 to 11 am and upon appointment via email.
Pharmacology: appointment via email.
Orthotic III: appointment via email.