CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

T10111

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT SCIENCES

Disciplinary Sector:

Biochemistry

Is part of:

CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS APPLIED TO MOTOR SCIENCES

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

ACETO Antonio

Cycle:

First semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

119

Prerequisites:

In order to profitably follow this course of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the following basic knowledge is absolutely necessary as essential prerequisites:
Basics of algebra
Powers properties. Exponential function and properties of exponentials.
Logarithmic function and properties of logarithms.
Basics of classical physics. Physical quantities and S.I. Principles of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic quantities: enthalpy, free energy and entropy. Properties of the ideal gases. Cartesian reference System.
Knowledge of functions: sine, cosine, tangent.
Knowledge of functions: straight line, parable, hyperbole.

Objectives

TRAINING OBJECTIVES: The modules of Chemistry and Biochemistry are strictly interdependent as far as the training objectives are concerned. In particular, the Chemistry module must provide the basic knowledge necessary for the study of the structure-function of biological macromolecules. This knowledge is preparatory for the Biochemistry module which aims at teaching the main metabolisms of the cell with particular reference to energy metabolisms.
EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS: The student must demonstrate to have learned the basics of cell and tissue metabolism. The student must also be able to use this knowledge in a manner appropriate to the professional needs of a graduate in
Motor and Sport Activity Sciences. The acquired knowledge must provide the student with the ability to design training protocols suitable for different motor activities as well as with strong critical capacities, in terms of damage / benefits, as compared to the use / abuse of exogenous substances widely used in motor activities

Contents

CHEMISTRY MODULE: Elements of general chemistry. Main content: solution equilibria, redox reactions, collogative properties and basic elements of carbon chemistry

Biochemistry MODULE: Basic metabolisms of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Main characteristics of energy metabolisms

Extended Syllabus

CHEMISTRY MODULE: Structure of the atom, properties of the elements, periodic table, molecular bonds. The Avogadro number, mole. Properties of solutions: non-electrolytes electrolytes, concentrations, reversible and irreversible reactions. Excercises. Law of mass action, ionic product of water, definition of pH. Acids and bases, strong and weak, and pH calculation. Salt hydrolysis and pH effects. Excercises. Definition and role of buffers. Excercises. Number of oxidation and redox reactions. Colligative properties. Osmosis. Classroom exercises on the osmolarity calculation of commercial supplements. Elements of carbon chemistry: hydrocarbons, functional groups with particular reference to simple and complex oxygen functions. Alcohols,Carbonyls and carboxiles reactivity, The alpha and beta cheto acids, alpha and beta oxiacid. The reaction of reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. Glicosid bond, peptide bond, ester bond and anhydrides.

BIOCHEMISTRY MODULE: structure and classification of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Lowering blood glucose and dehydration in intense and prolonged physical activities: why the use of maltodextrins . Structure and function of the hemoglobin and myoglobin. Functional adaptations over time at high altitude Classification and function of vitamins. Avitaminosis and supplements. The variation of free energy DG and role of ATP. The muscular creatine-phosphocreatine system and its role in the fast synthesis of ATP. Creatine is the most widely used supplement in the world: benefits and limits, natural supplements and doping. Enzymes: definition, classification, steady state enzymatic kinetics and competitive and non-competitive reversible inhibitors. Glucose catabolism: glycolysis, anaerobic lactic acid formation, and Krebs cycle. The reducing power of the cell against free radicals also produced by motor activity: the pentose pathway. Lipid catabolism: ketone bodies and beta oxidation. Role of carnitine and its use as a supplement. Protein catabolism: protease, transdeamination, glutamine, alanine cycle and urea cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. The energy metabolisms of the centometrist and the marathon runner.
Athletes who degrade proteins to synthesize glucose. Elements of anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Gluconeogenesis, glycogenosynthesis and Cori cycle. The muscular reloading of the glicogen: meaning and limits

Recommended Bibliography

CHEMISTRY MODULE: THE ARGUMENTS PRESENTED DURING THE LECTURES ARE AVAILABLE ONLINE AS STUDY NOTES AT THE LINK:
http://www.portal.unich.it/
Chemistry and Biochemistry Authors: Stefani and Taddei - Zanichelli (especially for non-attending students)

Biochemistry MODULE: Lehninger's principles of biochemistry. Authors: Nelson David L. - Cox Michael M. - Zanichelli

Teaching Methods

Classroom lessons
CHEMISTRY: ALL ARGUMENTS DURING THE LECTURES ARE AVAILABLE ONLINE AS STUDY NOTES AT THE LINK:
http://www.portal.unich.it/ ALL STUDENTS, BOTH ATTENDING AND NON-ATTENDING THE LESSONS, MAY DOWNLOAD THESE STUDY NOTES.
The slides presented in class by the teacher can be printed in pdf format that allows students who attend to annotate, along with each slide, the notes collected in class. Students can print, from the first day, the entire package of slides corresponding to the entire Chemistry module. The slide sequence corresponds exactly to the chronology of the topics developed in the course so that the students who attend know the subject of the individual lessons in advance.
Students who do not attend the course, by downloading the handouts, get to know in detail the topics actually developed in each lesson.
EXERCISES IN THE AULA:
A large number of exercises (48) have been carefully selected and are carried out in the classroom. The same exercises are entirely carried out in the expenses and can also be used by non-attending students
BIOCHEMISTRY MODULE: Ex-professorship lessons using slides that refer to the texts recommended.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

Multiple choice written test with question having multiple possible answers exclusively
on the theoretical program performed in class. Fifteen questions will be
presented on a screen. For each question 4 possible answers will also be
presented, of which only one is correct. Each correct answer is assigned a
score of 1, each wrong answer is assigned a score of -0.2, each not given
answer is not considered. The test is passed if a total score of 9 is
obtained.

Contacts/More Information

The reception of students and tutoring will take place according to the method chosen by them (in presence or at a distance), BY APPOINTMENT TO BE AGREED WITH THE TEACHER, in application of the operational protocol already in use.

The reception in presence will be carried out at building D of pharmacy last level, always in compliance with safety protocols.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree