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Course Sheet Academic Year of enrolment:
Professor and Collaborators:
Hours of classroom activity:
Prerequisites:
Basic knowledge of Biology and Biochemistry.
Objectives
Contents The course will focus on the general concepts of toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, risk assessment and toxicity testing.
Extended Syllabus Principles of toxicology: different areas of toxicology, classification of toxic agents and classification of toxic effects.
Toxicokinetics: mechanisms of xenobiotic transport across biological membranes; absorption, distribution, biotransformation and/or bioactivation and excretion of a xenobiotic; major routes and sites of exposure, resulting toxic effects and potential selective prevention interventions; bioavailability ̧storage of xenobiotics in tissues; volume of distribution; Blood–Brain Barrier; Passage of Toxicants Across the Placenta.
Toxicodynamics: mechanisms of toxicity (receptor-mediated, interactions with target molecules, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species.); plasma half- life;
Risk assessment: exposure assessment, dose-response assessment (NOAEL, LOAEL), threshold dose, threshold limit values, threshold and nonthreshold effects, extrapolation of animal test data to human exposure (safe human dose)
Main factors influencing toxicity (dose, sex, age, route of exposure, chemical composition and chemical mixture .).
Chemical carcinogenesis, genotoxic carcinogens, developmental and reproductive toxicity, toxicology of nanoparticles, endocrine disruptors. Descriptive animal toxicity testing: acute, subacute and chronic toxicity.
Recommended Bibliography Casarett and Doull - Elementi di Tossicologia. Di Curtis D. Klaassen, John B. Watkins; Casa Editrice Ambrosiana (the most recent edition)
Tossicologia di Galli, Corsini e Marinovich; Piccin (the most recent edition).
Teaching Methods
Evaluation methods Verification of learning:
The level of achievement of previously indicated learning objectives is assessed through an oral exam. In particular, the exam aims to evaluate the study of the matter and the understanding of the main topics of general aspects of toxicology. At least two questions will be asked, one concerning toxicokinetics and one concerning toxicodynamic aspects. To pass the exam it will be necessary to demonstrate: knowledge of the subject, ability to use correct, clear and concise terminology and analytical skills.
Consequently, the judgment can be:
a) Sufficient (score from 18 to 20/30)
The candidate demonstrates few, but sufficient, acquired notions with many imprecisions; modest expressive skills, but still sufficient to support a coherent dialogue; logical skills and consequentiality in linking the basic level topics; poor synthesis and limited expression; poor interaction with the teacher during the exam.
b) Fair (21 to 23)
The candidate demonstrates discreet acquisition of notions, but little depth; expressive skills more than enough to support a coherent dialogue; acceptable use of scientific language; logical skills and consequentiality in the connection of subjects of moderate complexity; more than enough synthesis abilities.
c) Good (24 to 26)
The candidate demonstrates a rather broad background of notions, moderate depth; satisfactory expressive skills and significant command of scientific language; dialogue skills and critical spirit clearly detectable; good synthesis ability.
d) Excellent (27 to 29)
The candidate demonstrates a very extensive, well-researched knowledge base; remarkable expressive skills and high command of scientific language; remarkable dialogue skills, good competence and relevant aptitude for logical synthesis; high synthesis capacity.
e) Excellent (30)
The candidate demonstrates a very extensive and in-depth knowledge of knowledge; high expressive skills and high command of scientific language; excellent dialogue skills, strong aptitude for making connections between different topics; excellent synthesis capacity.
The “lode” is attributed to candidates clearly above the average, and whose possible notional, expressive, conceptual, logical limits are altogether irrelevant.
Contacts/More Information Student reception: from Monday to Friday by appointment via email.