APPLIED BIOLOGY

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

TL11A2B

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

Disciplinary Sector:

Applied Biology

Is part of:

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 1

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

PANDOLFI Assunta

Cycle:

First semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

Prerequisites:

As academic regulations

Objectives

a) To educate the student on the critical method and discussion through the description of experiments, heritage of the history of biology and genetics. b) To provide the student with a balanced and antidogmatic view of living beings, in which common morpho-functional characteristics, their interactions and complementarities are outlined, from viruses to man. c) To introduce the student to the techniques of biology and genetics, currently used in clinical practice, molecular diagnostics and forensic medicine.

Contents

The program of the Applied Biology module provides the description of:
- The organization of the cells;
- The biological macromolecules;
- The structure of biological membranes and cell-environment interactions;
- The processes of mitosis, meiosis, duration of the phases and regulation of the cell cycle;
- The general characteristics of the DNA. Describe the flow of genetic information from one cell generation to another and describe DNA replication and repair. Describe the various levels of DNA organization in the cell. To illustrate the organization of the genome and of the extracellular DNA;
- The general characteristics of the RNA, knowing how to describe the flow of information within the cell, demonstrating that it understood the mechanisms of Transcription, of the Genetic Code, of the Protein Synthesis;
- The regulation of Gene Expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;
- Asexual and sexual reproduction. Spermatogenesis. Oogenesis. Fertilization.

Extended Syllabus

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE:
- Atoms and carbon molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CELL:
- Cell theory
- The organization and size of the cell
- Cell study methods
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- The cell nucleus
- The cytoplasmic organelles provided with a membrane
- The cytoskeleton
- - Extracellular matrix and glycocalycs
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES:
- The structure of biological membranes
- The passage of materials through biological membranes
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- Exocytosis and endocytosis
- Cellular junctions
CELL COMMUNICATION:
- Cellular signaling: an overview
- Sending signals
- Reception
- Signal transduction
- Responses to signals
- The evolution of cellular communication
The processes of aerobiosis and cellular anaerobiosis:
- Redox reaction
- The four stages of aerobic respiration
- The energy yield of nutrients other than glucose
- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation
THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHROMOSOMES AND THE PROCESSES OF MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS:
- Eukaryotic chromosomes
- The cell cycle and mitosis
- Cell cycle regulation
- Sexual reproduction and meiosis
DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION:
- Evidence showing that DNA is the hereditary material
- The structure of DNA
- DNA replication
THE GENE EXPRESSION:
- The discovery of the gene-protein relationship
- Information flow from DNA to proteins: an overview
- The transcription
- Translation
- Variation of gene expression in different organisms
- The concept of mutation
THE MECHANISMS OF GENE REGULATION:
- Gene regulation in bacteria and eukaryotes: an overview
- Gene regulation in bacteria
- Gene regulation in eukaryotic cells
VIRUSES AND SUBVIRAL AGENTS:
- Status and structure of viruses
- Virus classification
- Viral replication
-Viruses and diseases
- Virus evolution
- Subviral agents
BACTERIA AND ARCHAEOBACTERIA:
-The structure of bacteria and archaeobacteria
- Reproduction and evolution of prokaryotes
REPRODUCTION:
- Asexual and sexual reproduction
- Human reproduction in the male
- Human reproduction in the female
- Fertilization

Issues related to gender difference will be addressed as part of the discussion. In detail, biological gender differences will be analyzed to understand the mechanisms through which these differences affect health status and disease onset.

Recommended Bibliography

Solomon et al, Biology, EdiSeS Editore, VII edizione Napoli.

Teaching Methods

Frontal lessons

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The evaluation of the student includes an oral exam, which will serve to demonstrate the knowledge of the program carried out, the logic followed by the student in the resolution of the questions asked and the adequacy of the language, at the end a vote will be attributed expressed in thirtieths.

Contacts/More Information

Prof. Assunta Pandolfi: University G. D'Annunzio, CAST (ex-CeSI-Met)
Tel. 0871-541425 email: assunta.pandolfi@unich.it
Experimental Biology: Prof. Assunta Pandolfi, CAST, Room 421, Tel 0871-541425 email:assunta.pandolfi@unich.it
The prof. meets the students EVERY WEDNESDAY FROM 11.30 TO 13.30.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

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