Part 1 - Generality
- Definition and limits of Anthropology
- Background
- Model theory (concept of normality, normal variability and pathological limit)
- Ethics of Anthropology (the problem of the so-called race, eugenics and anthropology, anthropology and medicine)
- The place of man in NatureOverview of taxonomy
Living primates
Part 2 - General Anthropology
- GeneralityVariable anthropological characters (definition of variable anthropological characters, types of characters: anatomical, physiological, cultural, social and psychic, types of characters according to relevance, chronology of onset, and stability and duration)
The anatomical variants
The functional variants
Molecular variants
- Variants (anatomical and functional) according to the behavior in the population
Continuous type variants (metric)
Generalities, expressions in the individual and behavior in the population
Main anthropometric characters (measurements, indexes)
Variations of a discontinuous type (non-metric or morphological)
Generalities, expressions in the individual and behavior in the population
The somatic morphological characters and their use (relationships between variants and their clinical expression, use of variants in the identification process), racial influences on the population distribution of morphological variants
- Anatomical variants (morphological and metric) and functional, depending on the level of expression
Organism variants (somatic)
Somatic variants
Qualitative anatomical (constitutional)
Quantitative anatomical (height, weight, body surface, body composition, body density)
Physiological (maximum energy expenditure, basal metabolism, body temperature, haematological parameters)
District variants
Qualitative and quantitative anatomies (somatomorphy and district somatometry)
Head and neck
Trunk
Arts
Physiological district and organ; concept of organ reserve (vital capacity, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, cardio-respiratory resistance, muscular strength, sensibility of the sense organs in general: reaction times and levels of attention)
Apparatus and organ variants (anatomical and functional)
Tegumentary apparatus and cutaneous appendages
Skeletal system
Joints
Muscular system
Circulatory system (including the spleen)
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Uro-genital apparatus
Endocrine system
Central and peripheral nervous system
Sensory organs
Tissue, cytological, biochemical and molecular variants
Surface erythrocyte polymorphisms
Hemoglobin polymorphisms
Surface leukocyte polymorphisms (histocompatibility system, or HLA system)
Serum-protein systems (including immunoglobulins)
Enzymatic polymorphisms (isozymes and alloenzymes)
- Causes of anatomic and functional variability
Genetic causes of individual and population variability
Environmental causes of individual and population variability
Part 3 - Applied anthropology
- General: synthetic applications (classifications and taxonomics) and disjunctive applications (applied to personal identification)
- Synchronous variability
Variability linked to the environment
Transient and stable human adaptations
Variability of current populations and races
Variability related to age
Auxology (with particular regard to the maturation of the musculoskeletal system and the mastic apparatus)
Growth curves
Growth factors
Secular trend
Aging (with particular regard to the musculoskeletal system and to the chewing apparatus)
Variability linked to sex
Secondary skeletal and visceral sexual characteristics
Skeletal, articular and muscular variations related to pregnancy and childbirth
Enthesopathies and sindesmopathies
Populations aspects of short-term synchronic and diachronic variability (Biodemography, with particular regard to population structure and anthropological effects of human migration)
- Diachronic variability (outline of human origins and of the main bio-cultural evolutionary aspects).