HISTOLOGY AND HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

M40144

Academic Year of enrolment:

2020

Year of supply:

2020/2021

Degree:

Course of Single Cycle Degree 6 years in MEDICINE AND SURGERY

Moduls:

EMBRYOLOGY - 3 credits
HISTOLOGY - 4 credits
CYTOLOGY - 2 credits
TRAINING IN HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS - 1 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

Second semester

Hours of classroom activity:

137

Prerequisites:

Recommended introductory courses: Chemistry and Biology.

Objectives

All the modules of the Integrated Course in Histology and Embryology are interconnected by a single didactic and training objective further detailed in the various programs: to know the structural and ultrastructural organization of normal human tissues and the mechanisms through which they develop.

Contents

Cytology: lecture topics will cover the eukaryotic cell and its organelles under an electron microscope, through a morpho-functional study of different types of tissue and in different metabolic moments. The ultrastructural analysis will also be aimed at the knowledge of the mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation, renewal, repair and regeneration at the tissue, cellular and sub-cellular levels.

Histology: morpho-functional organization of the various types of cells and extra-cellular components constituting the tissues of the human organism, their stem precursors, cell proliferation and differentiation, histogenesis, homeostatic mechanisms, renewal, repair and tissue regeneration and tissue effects of physical and sports activity.

Functional Histology: study of tissue organization processes and morpho-functional correlations with the physiology of organs and apparatuses.

Embryology: the first stages of human embryonic development and formation of the annexes.

Histological Diagnosis Internship I and II: Observation of an optical microscope and analysis of a complete collection of preparations of human origin. Diagnostic criteria for the identification of different types of normal human tissues and their location in the various organs.

Extended Syllabus

Cytology: R. Di Pietro
Composition and organization of living matter. Eukaryotic cell. Plasma membrane. Membrane transport. Internal membranous system. Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes. Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes. Mitochondria and energy metabolism. Nuclear compartment. Free cytoplasm: composition and organization. Cytoskeleton and cell motility. Microtubules. Microfilaments. Intermediate filaments.

Histology: L. Centurione
Three-dimensional organization of cell populations: tissues, organs, apparatuses. Tissue renewal. Stem cells and kinetics of cell populations. Epithelial tissues: general morphological and functional characteristics and classification; specializations of the cell surface and polarity; basal membrane. Coating epithelia: structure and localization of coating epithelia. Glandular epithelia: morpho-functional classification of the glands; histological organization and localization of the exocrine and endocrine glands; methods and types of secretion.
Connective tissues: general morphological and functional characteristics and classification. Connective tissues properly called: specialized cells and extracellular matrix; components of the amorphous substance: glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins; collagen, elastic, reticular fibers; biosynthesis and organization of extracellular components; variety of connective tissues properly called and relative location. Adipose tissue. Cartilaginous tissue: morphological and functional characteristics; specialized cells and cartilaginous matrix; cartilage types; cartilage histogenesis; perichondrium.
Bone tissue: morphological and functional characteristics; specialized cells and bone matrix; bone lamellae and lamellar systems; compact and spongy bone; periosteum and endosteum; ossification; growth and remodeling of the bone; metabolic functions of the bone.
Blood: plasma; red blood cells; white blood cells; platelets. Myeloid tissue: hematopoiesis. Lymphoid system: immunocompetent cells; structure of the lymphoid tissue; notes on the structure of the lymphoid organs.
Muscle tissues: general morphological and functional characteristics and classification. Skeletal muscle tissue: structural and ultrastructural organization; molecular bases of muscle contraction; contraction control; histophysiology of skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle tissue: structural and ultrastructural organization. Smooth muscle tissue.
Nervous tissue: general organization of the central and peripheral nervous system; the neuron and its extensions; types of neurons; types of nerve fibers; nerve impulse conduction; synapses; neuromuscular junction; neuroglia cells; histophysiology of the nervous tissue.

Embriology: R. Di Pietro
Gametogenesis: ovary and testis structure; meiosis; male and female gametogenesis; hormonal control of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Fecondation: modifications of the gametes; histophysiology of fecondation; the zygote. Stem cells and cell differentiation.
First week of development: segmentation; morula; blastocyst; embryoblast and trophoblast.
2nd week of development: implantation; bilaminar disk; evolution of the trophoblast.
3rd week of development: development of the mesoderm; notochord; the three germ layers and their derivatives; definition of the shape of the body.
4th week of development: Ectoderm derivatives: neural tube and encephalic vesicles; stomodeo. Endoderm derivatives: primitive intestine; anterior intestine and pharyngeal intestine: furrows, gill arches and pouches; development of salivary glands. Mesoderm derivatives: paraxial mesoderm; somites and their derivatives; mesenchyme.
Embryonic annexes (amnion, chorion, allantoid, yolk sac, umbilical cord, placenta). Teratogenesis.

Internship of Histological Diagnosis I: S. Sancilio
Epithelial fabric: coating; exocrine and endocrine glandular.
Connective tissue: proper connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilaginous tissue, bone tissue. Direct and indirect ossification. Hemopoietic tissue and blood. Lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs.
Muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
Nervous tissue.

Recommended Bibliography

TEXT BOOKS:- Rosati, Istologia, Edi Ermes.
- Monesi, Istologia, Piccin.
- Maraldi-Tacchetti, Istologia Medica, Edi Ermes.
- Di Pietro, Elementi di Istologia, EdiSES.
- Ross–Pawlina, Istologia. Testo Atlante con elementi di biologia cellulare e molecolare, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.

ATLANTI
- Bani et al, Istologia-Atlante, Idelson-Gnocchi.
- Wheater, Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica, Elsevier Masson.
- Antonucci, Guida all’interpretazione di un preparato istologico, Libreria Universitaria.

Teaching Methods

Interactive lectures, thematic seminars. Lectures under an optical microscope equipped with a digital camera and an image acquisition and video projection system. Observation with an optical microscope and analysis of histological preparations of human origin.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

The exam will consist of a written diagnostic test under an optical microscope followed by an oral interview.

Contacts/More Information

RECEPTION TIME:
Prof. R. Di Pietro - Thursday at 2.30 pm to 5.30 pm
email: r.dipietro@unich.it Tel. 0871 3554567
Prof. L. Centurione - Tuesday and Thursday 10: 30-12: 30 or any other day, provided that it has been previously agreed
e-mail: l.centurione@unich.it Tel. 0871 3554547

LOCATION OF THE TEACHERS: Section of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Building D, Level 1, University Campus, Via dei Vestini, Chieti Scalo.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree