Incompitant or paralytic strabismus

definition and general aspects
ethiopathogenesis
- neurogenic paralysis
- myogenic paralysis

symptoms
- diplopia
- false orientation
- dizziness

clinic
- acute phase
- primary and secondary deviation
- stiff neck for compensation (or head rotation)
- phase of concomitantisation of the deviations

clinical features of oculomotor nerve paralysis
- nuclear
- collars
- radiculqri
- truncated

Incursive squinting in oculomotor paralysis
paralysis of the third cranial nerve: congenital / acquired deficits
IV paralysis: congenital / acquired deficits
VI paralysis: cogenitis / acquired deficits
double paralysis of the elevators

Inconvenient squint in:
fracture (s) of the orbital walls
thyroid myopathy
diabetes and vascular diseases

Incipitant deviations and restriction syndromes
definitions and generalities
- Stilling turk Duane syndrome type I, II, III
- brown syndrome
- moebius syndrome

NYSTAGMUS

Definition and Characteristics (wave type, frequency, amplitude, intensity, direction, symmetric spatial trajectory, onset age, neutral point)

Physiological nystagmus
- optokinetic nystagmus
- caloric-induced vestibulque nystagmus
- rotary vestibular nystagmus
- lateral nystagmus
- voluntary nystagmus
- fatigue nystagmus; from an extreme or unsupported gaze

pathological nystagmus
congenital or infantile
- idiopathic congenital nystagmus
- sensory defect nystagmus
- latent nystagmus; manifest-latent nystagmus
- spasmus nutans

vested
- vestibular nystagmus
- neurological nystagmus
- periodic alternating nystagmus
- nystagmus secondary to visual impairment
- spasmus nutans

Therapeutic approach

OCULAR TORCICOLLO

Definition and general aspects

ethiopathogenesis

compensatory stiff necks improve visual functionality
- from refractive anomalies
- from perimeter anomalies
- from nystagmus (congenital; latent manifest of strabismus; in congenital monophthalmus, sensory N, acute nystagmus)

Oculomotor anomalies of infantile cerebral palsy and ocular torticollis
Eyelid ptosis and abnormal position of the head or torticollis

compensatory stiff necks in the presence of uncomfortable strabismus
- deficiency of the third cranial nerve
- IV cranial nerve deficit
- deficiency of the VI cranial nerve
- parcellar muscle fibrosis
- double deficit of the elevators
- Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome
- Brown syndrome
- orbital blouw-out