NYSTAGMUS
Definition and Characteristics (wave type, frequency, amplitude, intensity, direction, spatial trajectory, symmetry, age of onset, neutral point)
Physiological nystagmus
– optokinetic nystagmus
– caloric-induced vestibule nystagmus
– rotatory vestibular nystagmus
– Lateral nystagmus
– voluntary nystagmus
– fatigue nystagmus; from an extreme or unsupported gaze position
Pathological nystagmus
congenital or infantile
– idiopathic congenital nystagmus
– nystagmus due to sensory defect
– latent nystagmus; manifest-latent nystagmus
– spasmus nutans
Acquired nystagmus
– vestibular nystagmus
– neurological nystagmus
– periodic alternating nystagmus
– nystagmus secondary to visual deficits
– spasmus nutans
Therapeutic Approach
ORBIT PATHOLOGIES (fractures)
THYROID MYOPATHY
NEUROPHTHALMOLOGY
UVEITIS