The course programme, - which corresponds to Part of the Handbook B. CONFORTI, M. IOVANE, Diritto internazionale, XII ed., Napoli, Editoriale scientifica, 2021, from p. 3 to p. 343, - is structured as follows:
• The international legal order: the subjects: States and IOs. Other subjects.
• The International Lawmaking process: the sources.
o General international law. Custom. The general principles of law recognised by civil nations and the general principles proper to the international order. Other alleged unwritten general rules.
o Non-existence of general written rules. Codification of customary law.
o The Un General Assembly's Declarations of Principles.
o The law of treaties. Formation procedure and competence to enter into treaties. Ineffectiveness of treaties vis-à-vis third States. Incompatibility between treaty provisions. Reservations in treaties. Interpretation of treaties. Succession of States in treaties. Causes of invalidity and extinction of treaties.
o The sources provided for by agreements. The phenomenon of international organisations. The United Nations. Other international organisations of a universal character. The European Union and Community law. The OECD and the Council of Europe. Eecommendations of international bodies.
o The hierarchy of international sources. The unity of the international legal order.
• The content of international law as a set of limits to the sovereignty of the State.
o Territorial sovereignty and its limits: the protection of human rights.
o The punishment of international crimes.
o The limits to sovereignty resulting from economic relations.
o The limits to sovereignty arising from the protection of the environment.
o The limits to sovereignty arising from international rules on the treatment of foreigners, diplomatic agents, foreign states and international organisations.
o The limits to sovereignty arising from international rules on the law of the sea relating to the delimitation of marine spaces.
o The limits to sovereignty arising from international rules on airspace, cosmic, polar regions.
All students should be well aware of and be able to discuss the following agreements (insofar as they are referred to in the text):
* United Nations Charter
* Statute of the International Court of Justice;
* Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties;
* Treaties establishing the European Union (TEU and TFEU);
* European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.