TSRM Role in radiotherapy.
Neoplasms: malignancy, staging, TNM classification.
Elements of radiobiology. Biological events following irradiation: physical
phase, chemical phase, biological phase.
Radiosensitivity: deterministic and stochastic somatic damage, stochastic
genetic damage. Radiobiological mechanisms of dose fractionation.
Possibility of fractionation and the different units of measurement of the
radiation dose. Cell survival models.
Radiocurability. Performance as depth function. Critical organ. Irradiation
field. Tissue-air ratio. Single and two-field irradiation. Twilight of the
radiation beam.
Terminology used in radiotherapy to define the structures of interest:
Gross Tumor Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Internal Tumor
Volume (ITV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), treated and irradiated
volume, organ at risk (OAR) .
Structural components inside and outside a radiotherapy bunker.
External beam radiotherapy. The linear accelerator: the different
components and functioning.
The route of the patient in radiotherapy. Acceptance. Simulation.
Verification simulation. Virtual simulation. Patient set-up for the different
body districts. Possible set-up errors. Treatment Planning System (TPS).
Integration or acquisition of diagnostic images supporting the TPS.
Contouring.
Treatment modalities for external beam radiotherapy. Conformational
radiotherapy (CRT): 3D-CRT, geometric CRT (G-CRT), Intensity Modulated
RadioTherapy (IMRT), tomotherapy, Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy
(IMAT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), 4D-RT, adaptive
radiotherapy. Stereotaxic radiotherapy. Intra-operative radiotherapy.
Percent dose distribution and dose curves for the different used particles.
Hadrontherapy. The synchrotron.