Elements of analytic geometry
The Cartesian plane and space: Cartesian product, representation of R2
on the Cartesian plane, subsets of R2 and subsets of the Cartesian plane, R3
and its representation on the Cartesian space.
Lines on the plane: slope of the linear function; equation of the line given
two points; equation of the line given a point and the slope; conditions
for parallelism and for perpendicularity of two lines.
Quadratic functions: equation of a quadratic function with vertical axis of symmetry, vertex, convexity and concavity of a quadratic function.
Equation of a quadratic function with horizontal axis of symmetry.
Elementary Functions
Introductive notions: the concept of function, independent and
dependent variables, composite function, inverse function, restriction
of a function, prolongation of a function.
Real Numbers
Order relation and algebraic structure of R, bounded sets and extremes of a set, metric properties of the real numbers, elements of topology in R.
Functions from R to R
Introductive notions: the concept of function, independent and dependent variables, graph, image of a function, inverse image of a function, increasing (decreasing) function, local and absolute maxima (minima), bounded functions, extremes of a function, even functions, odd functions, inverse function.
Elementary functions, graphs, geometrical properties, analytical properties: sign function, identical function, linear and affine function, absolute value function, power function, root function, power function with real exponent, exponential function, logarithm function, exponential equations and inequalities, logarithmic equations and inequalities.
Limits
Possible cases: Finite limit at a finite point, limit from the right, limit from
the left, bilateral limit, finite limit at infinity, infinite limit at a finite point,
infinite limit at infinity.
Some theorems: existence theorem for monotone functions,
squeeze theorem, limits of elementary functions, theorem of the
operations with limits, indeterminate forms, limit and comparison of
elementary functions.
Continuous functions
Generalities: definition of continuity of a function, discontinuity points of a
function and their classification, continuity of elementary functions, continuity
with respect to algebraic operations.
Continuous function on intervals: Intermediate value theorem, Bolzano
theorem for continuous functions, Weierstrass theorem.
Composite functions: limits and continuity.
Limits for common functions: logarithm, exponential, indices.
Derivatives:
Slope of a non-linear function: difference quotient; derivative of a function; differentiable function; the relationship between differentiability and continuity; derivability of elementary functions; second order derivatives; Ck functions, points of non-derivability of a function.
Algebra of derivatives: the derivative of a constant; the derivative of an indices, sum rule; product rule; quotient rule; the chain rule. Derivative of the exponential function; derivative of the logarithmic function.
Applications
Tangent to a curve: secant, tangent, equation of the tangent line.
Differential: Differential of a function and its geometric interpretation.
Graphs of functions: Fermat theorem; Lagrange theorem; Rolle theorem; monotonicity criteria, convex (concave) function, convexity criteria.
Graph of polynomial functions: asymptotes; the procedure for the study of the graph.
Graph of Rational Functions: domain, asymptotes, procedure for the study of the graph.
Graph of non-elementary Functions: procedure for the study of the graph, De L'Hopital's theorem.
Integration
Indefinite integral: Torricelli - Barrow theorem; primitive for a function; two primitives differ by a constant (proposition); indefinite integral; linearity; of integration.
Methods of integration: some basic antiderivatives; integration by parts (proposition and application); integration by substitution (proposition and application).
Definite integral: geometric aspects, fundamental formula of integral calculus, calculation of the definite integral.
Descriptive statistics
Introduction: problems of descriptive statistics and their applications in the experimental sciences.
Elements of descriptive statistics: discrete variables and continuous variables, population; character; sample; absolute frequency; relative frequency; cumulative frequency; variable; statistics; dot plot; bar graph, pie chart.
Main statistics: mode, median, quartiles, quantiles, arithmetic mean, deviation.
Statistical averages: Cauchy means; Chisini means; the arithmetic mean; geometric mean; harmonic mean; weighted arithmetic mean; their properties (proofs and applications).
Variability indexes: the range of the data; deviance; variance and standard deviation; coefficient of variation; their properties (proofs and applications).
Form of a distribution: the concept of symmetry; asymmetry; the standardized variable; Pearson index of asymmetry; Fisher asymmetry index; Kurtosis and Pearson kurtosis index.
Dependence analysis: two-variable data table; conditional distribution and independence; scatterplots; Chi-Square for contingency table; Cramer's V index; linear regression and least squares technique; association; regression coefficient and its interpretation; variance of regression and its decomposition; coefficient of determination; polynomial regression; linearization methods.
Interdependence analysis: the concept of interdependence; measure of concordance; discordance; the correlation coefficient of Bravais -Pearson and its interpretation.
