Introduction: States of aggregation of matter. Homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Chemical substances and elements · Atomic structure of matter: atomic theory and laws of Lavoisier, Proust and Dalton. Properties of the atom. Nuclear structure and isotopes. Atomic weights. Chemical symbols and their quantitative meaning · Nomenclature of the main chemical substances: Molecular and ionic chemicals, chemical formulas of simple compounds. · Chemical reactions: Writing and balancing of chemical reactions. · Calculations with chemical formulas and equations: Avogadro's number, concept of mole. Molar mass. Stoichiometry. Structure of the atom: Principles of quantum mechanics. Quantum numbers and atomic orbitals. Electron spin and Pauli exclusion principle. Aufbau principle. Electronic configuration of atoms. Hund's rule. The periodic system of the elements. · The chemical bond: Ionic bond. Covalent bond: generality, octet rule. Lewis formulas. Molecular geometry and dipolar moment. Repulsion theory between pairs of electrons (VSEPR). Chemical reactions and equilibria: Reaction equations and their quantitative significance. Classification of the different types of reactions. Chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constant. Acid-base theories: Definitions of acids and bases according to Arrhenius, Bronsted. Acid-base balances: Self-ionization of water. Solution of a strong acid or base. The pH of a solution. Ionization equilibria of an acid or a weak base. Polyprotic acids. Hydrolysis. Buffer solutions.