PHYSIOPATOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

Integrated educational activity

Course Sheet

Course code:

TPR11A6

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in ENVIRONMENT AND WORKPLACE PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

Moduls:

PHYSIOLOGY - 2 credits
GENERAL PATHOLOGY - 2 credits
MICROBIOLOGY - 2 credits

Location:

CHIETI

Credits:

Programme Year:

Cycle:

Second semester

Hours of classroom activity:

Prerequisites:

knowledge of cellular and molecular biology, histology and biochemistry, acquired in the curricular courses and the.prerequisites required by the core curriculum of CdS

Objectives

At the end of this course students should be have knowledge of physiological functions that exhibit circadian rhythms and knowledge of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
-Should be able to describe
pathological processes that are the basis of diseases
know the inflammatory response, the tissue repair and neoplastic processes in relation to living and working environments.
At the end of this course students should be able to describe also the structure and function of microorganisms;
- to describe the mechanisms of infectious disease transmission and pathogenicity;
- know microbiological measures for prevention and protection measures in the workplace.

Contents

The course covers basic principles of -physiological functions that have circadian rhythms
cortisol
melatonin
The metabolism of carbohydrates
The thermoregulation
Sleep-wake cycle
Physiology of:
the respiratory and cardiovascular system.
- The environment as a cause of illness: pathology from physical, chemical and biological agents. Cellular adaptation and death,inflammation,immune responses to pathogens,
cancerogenesis, benign and malignant tumors
The course covers also basic principles of general microbiology. Topics include bacterial, viral, and fungal structure, as well as growth, physiology, genetics and biochemistry of microorganisms. The subject covers mechanisms of infectious disease transmission and pathogenicity, principles of aseptic practice, and the role of the human body’s normal microbiota. The course provides learning about microbiological hazards and prevention and protection techniques in the workplace.

Extended Syllabus

Physiological functions that have circadian rhythms
cortisol
melatonin
The metabolism of carbohydrates
The thermoregulation
Sleep-wake cycle
Physiology of:
the respiratory and cardiovascular system

General concept of health, disease and homeostasis. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathogenic factors. The environment as a cause of illness: pathology from physical, chemical and biological agents. Radiation disorders, immediate and late effects; electric currents, high and low temperatures: heat stroke, burns; freezing. Trauma disorders.
-Cellular adaptation: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, aplasia, hypoplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia.Cell death. Apoptosis. Characteristics and phases of necrosis. Types of coagulative necrosis, colliquative, caseous, fibrinoid).
-Inflammation. Angioflogosis: phases and evolution (vascular changes, cellular events, chemical mediators). Exudate. Histoflogosis: phases and evolution. Granulomas. Systemic manifestations of inflammation. Regeneration, repair (granulation tissue, scar tissue) and wound healing. -Immunology and Immunopathology. Non-specific and specific immunity. Mechanisms of the humoral and cell-mediated response (antibodies, antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, complement). Hypersensitivity reactions of type I, II, III and IV and related diseases. -Oncology. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms. Classification criteria for neoplasms. Definition of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Tumor growth biology: cell differentiation, tumor progression, invasiveness and metastasis.
Environmental carcinogenesis. Starting and promoting agents. Phases of carcinogenesis.

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Naming and Classifying Microorganisms.
The bacterial cell: Size, shape and arrangements of bacteria.
Structures external to the cell wall: glycocalyx, flagella, pili and fimbriae.
The cell wall: composition and characteristics; cell wall and Gram stain; atypical cell walls.
Structures internal to the cell wall: the plasma membrane; the cytoplasm; the nucleoid; plasmids and resistance factors; ribosomes.
Bacterial metabolism: aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration and fermentation.
Bacterial division and generation time.
Bacterial spore: structure, types, sporulation and germination, and their protecting role in biocide resistance.
Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis: entry into the human body; adhesion, colonization and invasion; pathogenic actions of bacteria (tissue destruction, toxins); mechanisms for escaping host defenses.
Antibacterials and their mechanisms of action. Mechanisms of drug resistance.
Biology of Fungi: general characteristics, structure and classification. Fungal pathogenesis.
Characteristics and classification of viruses.
Virus structure: non-enveloped and enveloped viruses.
Viral replication: life cycle of viruses with animal and prokaryote hosts. Antiviral drugs.
Prions.
Hospital-acquired infection.
Disinfection, sterilization and asepsis.

Microbiological hazards.
Microbiological risk assessment.
Italian decree law: Titolo X D. Lgs 81/08.
Prevention and protection techniques in the workplace.
Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP).
Food and water safety and control.
Industrial Microbiology.

Recommended Bibliography

FISIOLOGIA, Egidio D’Angelo e Antonio Peres. Edi-ermes
FISIOLOGIA UMANA, L. Sherwood. Zanichelli
FISIOLOGIA Un approccio integrato, D. U. Silverthorn. Casa editrice Ambrosiana
FISIOLOGIA, C.L. Stanfield. EdiSES
PATOLOGIA GENERALE per i C.d.L. in professioni sanitarie. Pontieri G.M. Piccin
Materiale fornito dal docente

E. Lanciotti: Principi di Microbiologia Clinica, CEA.
La Placa: Principi di Microbiologia Medica, EdiSES.

Teaching Methods

frontal lectures and material provided by the teachers.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

Oral examamination.
N.B. For Integrated Courses (exams covering more than one module or course unit) a single exam will be held and a final grade given.
At the end of the test, the teacher will formulate an opinion expressed in voting ranges and in marks out of thirty. The recording of the tests takes place through an electronic procedure in accordance with the methods indicated in Article 29 of the Administrative Careers Regulation.
Rated 30 - 30 cum laude: Excellent knowledge and understanding of the topics, reasoning skills and logical integration of the acquired knowledge, strong aptitude to make connections between different topics; excellent synthesis skills e. The student, who has achieved this evaluation, demonstrates autonomy of judgment, high communication skills and autonomous learning skills, will be offered praise.
Rating 27 - 29: Good knowledge and understanding of the topics with marginal and not serious gaps. Good ability to integrate logic and judgment. Mastery of scientific language;
Rating 23 - 26: Fair knowledge and understanding of the topics moderated in depth and, some gaps, in the ability to integrate and apply knowledge. significant mastery of scientific language
Rating 20 - 22: Knowledge and understanding of the fully sufficient arguments, little in-depth analysis, obvious gaps, which are reflected in a reduced capacity for integration, logic and application. Acceptable mastery of scientific language
Rating 18 - 19: Knowledge and understanding of the superficial arguments and with serious and obvious gaps. Sufficient knowledge to sustain a coherent dialogue but with poor integrative and applicative skills, but which also allow the passing of the exam.

Contacts/More Information

In-teacher office hours: Monday – Friday from 10:00 to 13:00.
Or by appointment: Contact the professor by email: nerino.allocati@unich.it.

mreale@unich.it

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree

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