DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY

Segment

Course Sheet

Course code:

AI634

Academic Year of enrolment:

2023

Year of supply:

2023/2024

Divisions:

Gruppo A

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Course of Single Cycle Degree 5 years in ARCHITECTURE

Disciplinary Sector:

Design

Is part of:

DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY

Location:

PESCARA

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

TUNZI Pasquale

Cycle:

First semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

100

Individual study hours:

150

Prerequisites:

Elementary knowledge of the three basic geometric models. Cognitions of drawing and of the basic periods of Western history. Familiarity with the use of computers and rudiments of automatic drawing.

Objectives

formativi: Knowledge and understanding skills of:
1. Basic concepts of drawing (both freehand and using equipment)
2. Scientific fundamentals in the field of architectural representation

Two educational paths are necessary to approach the discipline: manual drawing and the exercise of technical drawing. In the former, drawing from life (the act of perception and graphic translation) is contemplated, while in the latter there are the application procedures derived from the theoretical principles of Descriptive Geometry. In dealing, therefore, with the above four traditional methods, the historical scope of architectural representation will be taken into account, depending on subsequent teachings related to knowledge of built architecture and design. Addressing the latter will require knowledge of the procedures and acquisition of the technical standards that guide executive drawings according to official guidelines.
In addition, we will engage in digital drawing through the use of some software that will allow an alternative approach to traditional graphic representation.

Contents

The objective of the course is to enable the learning of the scientific fundamentals of representation, that is, to introduce the study of the theory and applications of Descriptive Geometry. The fundamental points are related to the 4 traditional methods-orthogonal projections, axonometric projections, perspectives, and dimensioned projections-considered both in the context of the history of architectural representation and as a function of the teachings related to architectural surveying and design drawing.
Additional topics include the study of elementary geometry and shadow theory.

Extended Syllabus

In the degree pathway in Architecture, the disciplines pertaining to SSD ICAR 17 Drawing are distributed over the first three years, and converge in the 5th year in the Graduate Laboratory "Design Conservation and Representation" (8+12 cfu).
The epigraph course consists of the integration of three modules: Descriptive Geometry, History of Representation, and Digital Design.
The first module stands as the foundation of the disciplines of graphic-visual representation, and is the basis for all others in which drawing is an expressive and communicative medium of visual thought in Architecture. Its study provides the tools, procedures and methods of representation both for developing design from scratch and for knowledge and documentation of existing heritage.
The second module (of 5 hours) offers the student the opportunity to orient themselves in the different expressions graphics produced in the field of architecture over time and in Western culture, Mediterranean included, in order to understand their evolution and meaning. It becomes necessary to address the evolutionary aspect of visual communication, filtered through geometric models, in order to make the student aware of the potential of representation.
The third module introduces the student to digital representation, through the use of software dedicated to technical drawing, modeling, photo editing and visual representation.

Descriptive Geometry
This module is the core of the entire course, so it is carried out in eight hours per week devoted to the theoretical aspects of Projective Geometry. The study of scientific principles and methods science will enable students to appropriate geometric models and be able to handle them in areas in which the representation of both real and ideal architectural space is required. Geometry Descriptive is the architect's indispensable medium for understanding existing space and visualizing ideas by developing analog and digital representations.
_ Summary of Topics
1) The elements of technical drawing (conventional signs, scales of representation)
2) The geometric entities and fundamental operations (elementary figure construction)
3) The pattern of cylindrical projections: the double orthogonal projections (also with inclined planes)
4) The pattern of cylindrical projections: axonometries (orthogonal and oblique)
5) The model of conic projections: the perspectives (frontal and corner)
6) The theory of shadows (in D.P.O., Axonometry, Perspective)

The aforementioned topics will be applied by the students in exercise boards: to be made in the classroom and others at home weekly (one board for each topic to be executed with squares and pencil on A3-size card). All the boards will be collected in a personal portfolio, reviewed and handed in for the exam in A3 hard copy and digital format.
At the conclusion of the lectures of each of the four topics, students will be asked to verify what has been assumed, through graphic-theoretical exercises, keeping in mind that the respective assessments support the final interview.
Occasionally there will be some lectures-exercises on Drawing from Life, as it is deemed necessary to field exercise the perception of space, with sketches enabling the employ the hand and eye in transcribing the visible.
In addition, three tables centered on the three models applied to a building of contemporary architecture, agreed upon with the lecturer of Architectural Composition 1. Of such a building one will have to make plans, elevations and sections on the computer with graphic scale and, three of them will be dimensioned. A D.P.O., an axonometry with shadows and a perspective with shadows are also to be made.
Further study (formal, technical, cultural, etc.) will be by the Materials and Design of Building Elements course and the History of Architecture course.
Weekly reviews of the papers and clarifications on the theoretical parts will be available for the successful completion of the exam. Contact between lecturer and learner, as well as by e-mail, is also through the University website: http://elearning.unich.it/course/view.php?id=141.

History of Representation
The best understanding of representational models will be gained by knowing the ways of the visualization of Architecture and the City adduced by various cultures. The History of Representation addresses the different aspects of graphic language (methods, techniques, symbolic values and iconic, etc.) in the historical evolution of design communication. It will analyze in a critically the representations of the masters of architecture, to make the student architect of the codes of representation in relation to the methods and techniques used.
All this leads to an understanding of the semantic, semiological and paradigmatic value of representation in its socio-cultural context, and to consider the aesthetic evolution in relation to the expressive needs of a given moment.
The student should close his or her experience on graphic representation with a critical paper illustrated whose theme pertains to the agreed upon study subject for the graphic design of the boards of the project. This involves analyzing on a geometric and graphic level the plans drawn up by the designer of the assigned subject. The materials to be produced, suitably revised, will be presented in a digital projection before the end of the course, according to the schedule communicated by the lecturer.

Digital Drawing
The Digital Drawing module introduces the student to info-graphic representation, through the use of software dedicated to technical drawing, modeling, photo editing and visual representation. This module will be developed on the theoretical and practical level to enable a more current graphic-visual communication of the representation of architecture, in order to facilitate the understanding of the spatial aspects of construction. The student will be required to have a laptop computer so as to be able to the classroom exercises. Practice with some software will assist in carrying out the final architectural building boards in D.P.O., Axonometry and Perspective.

Reference bibliography
R. Migliari, Geometria dei modelli, Kappa, Roma 2003.
R. Migliari, Geometria Descrittiva, 2 voll., CittàStudi, Novara 2009.
M. Docci, R. Migliari, Scienza della rappresentazione. Fondamenti e applicazioni della geometria
descrittiva, NIS, Roma 1992.
AA.VV., Architettura moderna. L'avventura delle idee 1750-1980, a cura di V. Magnago
Lampugnani, Electa, Milano 1985
L. Sacchi, L'idea di rappresentazione, Kappa, Roma 1994
A. De Rosa, A. Sgrosso. A. Giordano, La Geometria nell’immagine, UTET, Torino, 2002
P. Tunzi, Il sistema visuale nei periodici illustrati della prima metà dell’800, Sala, Pescara, 2022.

Examination Modalities.
The final interview is a summary of the theoretical and practical preparation gained by the student in the Course of Descriptive Geometry 1A. Students are reminded that at the said interview they must present all the papers produced in each area and moment of the Course, on which the comparison.

Recommended Bibliography

R. Migliari, Geometria dei modelli, Kappa, Roma 2003.
M. Docci, R. Migliari, Scienza della rappresentazione. Fondamenti e applicazioni della geometria
descrittiva, NIS, Roma 1992.
P. Tunzi, Il sistema visuale nei periodici illustrati della prima metà dell’800, Sala, Pescara, 2022.

Teaching Methods

Descriptive Geometry topics, developed in ten hours per week, between lectures and graphical applications to be carried out in the classroom, will be ascertained by the students through exercises to be done weekly at home, and will be part of a personal portfolio to be handed in at the exam. Weekly reviews of the papers will be scheduled for the best outcome of the latter. Each week there will be an hour devoted to digital drawing with related exercises. Every two weeks, for one hour, the reading of historical images will be addressed with communications accompanied by illustrations on examples of relief and which constitute reference for representation. Contact between lecturer and learner, in addition to e-mail, is made also through the University website: http://elearning.unich.it/course/view.php?id=141. Lecture topics with related images, and tutorials will be deposited on this page.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

At the conclusion of the lectures divided into four groups, students will be asked to verify what has been assumed, through graphical-theoretical exercises, keeping in mind that their respective assessments will constitute the average final grade. Three tables focusing on the three models (D.P.O., Axonometries, Perspectives) applied to a contemporary architectural dwelling building, agreed upon with the lecturer of Architectural Composition 1. Plans, elevations and sections of such a building are to be reworked with graphic scale and the aforementioned plates are to be produced digitally. In-depth scaling and use of the materials of which the project consists will be carried out with the Materials lecturer.
It will be the student's responsibility to prepare an illustrated critical report on the forms of graphic communication adopted by the designer of the assigned subject. This report will cover the entire work of the designer, in the analysis of the graphic and geometric aspects of the various projects, which will be presented in a digital projection before the close of the course.
The materials produced, appropriately reviewed periodically, will also be commented on by the student at the time of the examination set on official dates in the appropriate University website, to which the student must register in good time.

Contacts/More Information

students are asked to be equipped with a minimum of elementary tools for manual drawing (squares, compasses, cards, pencil, etc.), and the use of a computer, equipped with appropriate software (which will be indicated during the course), to follow the lectures and carry out the technical tables of the exercises.
All papers produced as part of the course, duly revised, must be submitted at the final interview, in digital and A3 paper formats.
It should be kept in mind that the Descriptive Geometry course is coordinated with other courses: Architectural Composition 1; History of Architecture 1; Materials and Design of Building Elements.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree