The course will address the thinking of the following authors: Schleiermacher, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Feuerbach, Marx, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dilthey, Freud, Weber, Heidegger, Sartre, Jaspers, Marcuse, Gadamer, Jonas, Kuhn, Habermas, as well as the following currents of thought: romanticism, idealism, positivism, evolutionism, utilitarianism, neokantism, historicism, pragmatism, phenomenology, existentialism,
Frankfurt School, structuralism, hermeneutics, postmodernism, communitarianism. The thought of Arthur Schopenhauer will be deepened