GENERAL PATHOLOGY

General Module

Course Sheet

Course code:

OS12A4C

Academic Year of enrolment:

2022

Year of supply:

2022/2023

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Course of 1st Cycle Degree in MIDWIFERY

Disciplinary Sector:

General Pathology

Is part of:

MICROBIOLOGY PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS

Location:

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

CURIA Maria Cristina

Cycle:

Second semester

Obligatory attendance:

Yes

Hours of classroom activity:

Individual study hours:

Prerequisites:

Biochemistry and physiology are preparatory teachings for General Pathology.

Objectives

Analyze the health problems of women in their biological-sexual cycle and in particular
know what is meant by disease status and the relationship between disease status and pathological changes.
Know the physical, chemical, genetic and biological factors that contribute to the onset of diseases.
Know the fundamental mechanisms of defense of the cell, tissues, organs and organism.
Know the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms that play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Know the main types of neoplasia and the classification criteria of tumors; the molecular basis of benign and malignant tumors in humans.
Know the basic stages of carcinogenesis, and understand the role of genetic and environmental risk factors.
All the above knowledge must help to understand the fundamentals of the pathophysiology to be applied to the different clinical situations of pregnant women, including obstetric-gynecological pathologies.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Knowledge and ability to understand
At the end of the course the student must be able to describe:
• the etiology, mechanisms and cells involved in inflammatory processes
• the phases leading to the onset of a tumoral pathology
• the main genetic diseases

Autonomy of judgment
At the end of the course the student must know how to recognize the main pathologies.
The acquired knowledge will aim to prevent, identify, monitor and manage potentially pathological situations that require medical intervention.

Communication skills
At the end of the course the student have to be able to use a medical-scientific terminology suitable with the role of health professional.

Contents

Health status and causes of illness.
Inflammation
The fever.
Classification of tumors. Chemical and viral carcinogenesis. Concept of oncogene and antioncogene.
Alpha- and beta-thalassemias.
Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation.
Antigens and antibodies. Organs and cells of the immune system. The immune response

Extended Syllabus

General Etiology
Disease concept. Health status and causes of illness. Intrinsic and extrinsic diseases. Physical and chemical agents as a cause of illness.
Inflammation
Causes of inflammation. Plasmatic and tissue mediators of inflammation. The cells of inflammation. Stages of the inflammatory process: the vascular phase, the exudation, the diapedesis, the stasis. Exudate and transudate: different types of exudate. The proteins of the acute phase. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Morphological aspects of the inflammatory process: angioflogosis and histoflogosis. Outcomes of the inflammatory process.
The fever
Thermoregulation. General response of the organism to heat and cold; alteration of thermogenesis; hypothermia and hyperthermia. Pathogenesis of fever: endogenous and exogenous pyrogens.
Oncology
Classification of tumors. Characteristics of the normal and transformed cell. Concepts of hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, anaplasia, neoplasia. Benign and malignant tumors. Carcinoma in "situ". Histogenetic classification and morphology elements of benign and malignant human tumors.
Chemical carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis from ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. Stages of carcinogenesis: initiation, promotion and tumor progression. Viral carcerogenesis. DNA and RNA oncogenic viruses associated with human tumors.
Concept of oncogene and antioncogene. Molecular pathology of DNA repair. Pathology of "mismatch repair" and "excision repair". Role of inheritance in tumors. Tumor syndromes with autosomal dominant and recessive transmission. Models: hereditary colorectal and breast tumors, Xeroderma pigmentosum and ataxia-telangiectasia.
Pathology of the blood
Qualitative and quantitative alterations of the production of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Anemia: general phenomena, classification and hereditary and acquired causes. - and β-thalassemias: genetic heterogeneity, phenotypic and genotype-phenotype correlations.
Pathology of haemostasis and coagulation
The platelet, hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic phase. The main disorders of haemostasis and coagulation. The main defects of the plasma and fibrinolytic (hemophilia) phases.
Immunology
Antigens and antibodies. Organs and cells of the immune system. The subclasses of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. The immune response. The main antigen-antibody reactions. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity diseases. Deficiencies of the immune system. RH factor. Coombs test. Hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Recommended Bibliography

Choose between:
-“Elements of General Pathology”, Pontieri. Piccin. For the degree courses in Health Professions III edition
-“General Pathology” The essential, Rubin. Piccin
Also photocopy the chapters: 22 (anemias and thalassemias), 24 (hemostasis), 25 (Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system) from the text "Elements of General Physiopathology", Pontieri, Piccin. For the degree courses in Health Professions III edition.

For details, consult the teacher.

Teaching Methods

COURSE STRUCTURE
The course consists of 30 hours of didactics, organized in 15 lessons of 2 hours, that provide, given the small number of the student component, an interaction between teacher and student. The lessons are twice weekly, they take place in the second semester from the first week of March to the end of May.

Evaluation methods

Verification of learning:

COURSE GRADE DETERMINATION
Important for the processing of questions, verification of learning, is a correct use of medical-scientific terminology for the definition of the diseases treated.
For example, the nomenclature is of particular importance; for example, knowing how to distinguish the benign and malignant forms of the most frequent tumors, as well as the stages of carcinogenesis. This is important for verifying the effective acquisition of knowledge and for achieving learning outcomes.
The exam consists of an oral test: at least two questions concerning the two main topics of the general pathology: inflammation and oncology, will be asked to the student. The sudent will have to know to meet the minimum requirement for passing the exam . To these two questions a third will be added, concerning the remaining part of the program, whose answer will be fundamental for the decision of the final vote.

Contacts/More Information

Prof.ssa Maria Cristina Curia
Tel: 0871-3554103 E-mail mariacristina.curia@unich.it
Student reception hours: from Monday to Friday from 11 to 12 at the Nuovo Polo Didattico, Building C, Level III.

Università degli Studi
"G. d'Annunzio"

Chieti - Pescara

Aree

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