Principles of biological physical chemistry.
Water as a biomolecule. Colligative properties. Dissociation, pK, organic buffers. Elements of thermodynamics and biochemical kinetics. Oncotic pressure and osmotic pressure.

- Descriptive biochemistry.
Amino acids: classification, structure and properties. Optical activity. Dissociation and titration curves. The Isoelectric point. Chemistry and general properties of proteins. Protein classification. Protein structure. The Isoelectric point. Simple and conjugated proteins. Hemoglobin and myoglobin: structure and function. Oxygenation curve. The methemoglobin. Pathological hemoglobins.
The chemistry of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Mutarotation. Isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structure and properties of carbohydrates of biological interest. Glycoproteins.
Lipid chemistry. Classification. Neutral fats. Fatty acids. Steroids e sterols: bile acids, cholesterol. Phospholipids. Lipoproteins. Vitamins. Generalities, definition and relationship with coenzymatic activities. The liposoluble vitamins (A, D, K, E). Water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin C. Le B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, ac. Pantotenic, nicotinamide, pyridoxal, biotin, ac. p-aminobenzoic acid, acycolic, cobalamin). - Dynamic biochemistry. Enzymes: general properties. Oloenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors. The active site. Enzyme-substrate complex. Specificity. Principles of enzymatic kinetics. Equation and Michaelis constant. Enzymatic inhibition. Allostery. Classification of enzymes. Carbohydrate metabolism. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Synthesis e demolition of glycogen. Catabolism and anabolism of glucose. Mechanisms of regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Lipid metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Catabolism and anabolism of fatty acids. Ketogenesis. Adjustments of lipid metabolism. Overview on the metabolism of phospholipids and steroids. Protidic metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins. Mechanism of action of some peptidases. Catabolism of the amino acids. Ureogenesis. Purine catabolism. Aminoacid Metabolism regulation. Catabolism of heme. Protein synthesis. Biological oxidation and bioenergetics. Energy meaning of oxidative reactions. The redox potential. Mitochondria: shuttling mechanisms for electron transport, the respiratory chain and the ATP synthesis (theory of Mitchell). Energy reserves. Uncoupling agents.