What role does the experience of the subject play as a living individual in the definition of the disease? Starting from Michel Foucault's critical reflections, the course intends to analyze the problems that emerged in the formation of clinical perspective and madness. The analysis of the clinic will highlight in particular the paradigm shift occurred in modernity that will mark the starting point of the process of segregation of the mental illness, bringing out the relationship between madness and political power. In the second part, the course intends to present the epistemological debate about the status of psychology and the criticism of reductionism that, starting from the philosophical arguments, have been moved to some approaches of the discipline.